What is the fine-structure of hydrogen atom?
When the familiar red spectral line of the hydrogen spectrum is examined at very high resolution, it is found to be a closely-spaced doublet. This splitting is called fine structure and was one of the first experimental evidences for electron spin.
What is the value of fine-structure constant?
1/137
The fine-structure constant α is of dimension 1 (i.e., it is simply a number) and very nearly equal to 1/137. It is the “coupling constant” or measure of the strength of the electromagnetic force that governs how electrically charged elementary particles (e.g., electron, muon) and light (photons) interact.
What is fine-structure splitting in atomic spectra?
Fine structure, in spectroscopy, the splitting of the main spectral lines of an atom into two or more components, each representing a slightly different wavelength. Fine structure is produced when an atom emits light in making the transition from one energy state to another.
How do you find the fine-structure constant?
Using the recoil frequency of cesium-133 atoms in a matter-wave interferometer, we recorded the most accurate measurement of the fine-structure constant to date: α = 1/137.035999046(27) at 2.0 × 10−10 accuracy.
Why is 137 a magic number?
But 137?” The number 137, according to Lederman, “shows up naked all over the place”, meaning that scientists on any planet in the universe using whatever units they have for charge or speed, and whatever their version of Planck’s constant may be, will all come up with 137, because it is a pure number.
Why is it called the fine structure constant?
If you modeled a hydrogen atom as Bohr did, but took the ratio of a ground-state electron’s velocity and compared it to the speed of light, you’d get a very specific value, which Sommerfeld called α: the fine structure constant.
What is difference between fine structure and hyperfine structure?
Fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. The hyperfine structure is caused by interaction between magnetic field (from electron movement) and nuclear spin.
What is relativistic correction?
Relativistic correction is a correction to take in the relativistic effect arising when the velocity of an electron becomes high to an extent which cannot be neglected compared with the velocity of light.
How accurate is the fine structure constant?
Determination of the fine-structure constant with an accuracy of 81 parts per trillion | Nature.
What is degeneracy of 2nd excited state of H atom?
Analogously, the second excited state of hydrogen atom would be one in which either 3s or one of the three 3p or one of the five 3d orbitals is occupied and it will be 9-fold degenerate: 1s02s02p0x2p0y2p0z3s1, 1s02s02p0x2p0y2p0z3s03p1x, 1s02s02p0x2p0y2p0z3s03p1y, 1s02s02p0x2p0y2p0z3s03p1z, plus 5 configurations with …