What can cause enophthalmos?
Causes include:
- Orbital fractures: Orbital floor fractures are the most common cause of enophthalmos.
- Maxillary sinus disease with outbowing of the orbital floor (also called the silent sinus syndrome or chronic maxillary sinus atelectasis): Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) usually occurs in the 30-60 age group.
How do you fix enophthalmos?
Mild to moderate cases are repaired by removing the floor and lateral wall of the orbit to allow for tissue decompression (removing compressive pressure on the eyeball itself), while severe cases necessitate a more aggressive approach including multi-wall (lateral, medial, and inferior) orbital osteotomies.
What does Hypoglobus mean?
Hypoglobus refers to the inferior displacement of the globe in the orbit. It may or may not be associated with enophthalmos. Causes include: fracture of the orbital floor (most common)
How do you test for Enophthalmos?
Enophthalmos becomes clinically obvious if the anterior globe projection is less than 12 mm or differs from the opposite side by 3 mm or more as measured by a Hertel exophthalmometer. The Hertel exophthalmometer uses the lateral orbital rim as a reference point.
Can Enophthalmos worsen?
Such anatomic reasons for globe malposition tend not to improve, and frequently worsen, over time following inadequate primary reconstruction. Persistent diplopia following orbital fracture repair may be broadly categorized into either restrictive or paralytic etiologies.
Is there a cure for silent sinus syndrome?
The restitution treatment of the silent sinus syndrome involves functional endoscopic sinus surgery and plastic reconstruction of the floor of the orbit via transconjunctival approach; an additional vestibular incision may be necessary to treat the malar region.
What is the difference between Exophthalmos and Proptosis?
Proptosis can describe any organ that is displaced forward, while exophthalmos refers to only the eyes. Proptosis can include any directional forward displacement.
Can enophthalmos worsen?
What are the clinical implications of enophthalmos?
In particular, the therapeutic implications of diagnosing metastatic disease, maxillary mucocele, and orbital varices is noted. A review of etiology and mechanisms of enophthalmos point to the diversity, importance and conditions causing this sign.
What kind of bacteria can cause diarrhea in humans?
Bacterial infections. Several types of bacteria can enter your body through contaminated food or water and cause diarrhea. Common bacteria that cause diarrhea include Campylobacter, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Salmonella, and Shigella.
What causes diarrhea and what can be done about it?
Diarrhea also may be caused by: Infection by bacteria. Infections by other organisms. Eating foods that upset the digestive system. Allergies to certain foods. Medications. Radiation therapy. Malabsorption of food (poor absorption)
Who is the author of the book enophthalmos?
Author: Charles NS Soparkar, MD, PhD; Chief Editor: Hampton Roy, Sr, MD more… Enophthalmos is posterior displacement of the eye.