What does CCL11 do?
Function. CCL11 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis, and therefore, is implicated in allergic responses. The effects of CCL11 are mediated by its binding to a G-protein-linked receptor known as a chemokine receptor.
What is chemokine eotaxin?
Abstract. The chemokine eotaxin is involved in the recruitment of eosinophils and T helper 2 lymphocytes in human allergic diseases, and drugs that block its activity, including eotaxin receptor (CCR3) antagonists, are being developed.
What is Fractalkine signaling?
Fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling controls the recruitment of microglia and the functional maturation of thalamocortical synapses. (a) Drawing of the sensory system of vibrissae in rodents and link between the distribution of vibrissae and that of barrels in layer 4 somatosensory cortex.
What is MIP3a?
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 3 Alpha (MIP3a) also known as Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) or liver activation regulated chemokine (LARC) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It is strongly chemotactic for lymphocytes and weakly attracts neutrophils.
What is the function of eotaxin?
CCL11/Eotaxin is an important eosinophil-specific chemokine that is associated with the recruitment of eosinophils into sites of inflammation. It is generated in the lungs of asthmatic patients and has a role in targeting eosinophils at inflammatory foci.
Where are chemokines produced?
Basal: homeostatic chemokines are basal produced in the thymus and lymphoid tissues.
Where are chemokine receptor found?
Chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors containing 7 transmembrane domains that are found predominantly on the surface of leukocytes, making it one of the rhodopsin-like receptors.
Where is CXCL13 found?
CXCL13 and its receptor CXCR5 control the organization of B cells within follicles of lymphoid tissues and is expressed highly in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and gut of humans. The gene for CXCL13 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.
Is eotaxin pro-inflammatory?
Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce MCP-1 in synovial fibroblasts [44] and MCP-1 and eotaxin in dermal fibroblasts [45].
Where does eotaxin come from?
In addition to being expressed by structural cells (e.g., epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth-muscle cells, and chondrocytes), eotaxin is also produced by infiltrative inflammatory cells. For example, in the healthy respiratory tract, eotaxin is predominantly produced by epithelial cells (33).
Do chemokines cause inflammation?
Chemokines are implicated in many diseases of the nervous system. Although their primary role is to induce inflammation through the recruitment of leukocytes by their chemotactic activity, they may also have direct effects on neuronal cells.
Are chemokines inflammatory?
Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development.
What is the role of CCL11 in inflammation?
CCL11/Eotaxin is an important eosinophil-specific chemokine that is associated with the recruitment of eosinophils into sites of inflammation.
Where is the CCL11 gene located on the chromosome?
This gene is encoded on three exons and is located on chromosome 17. CCL11 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. CCL11 selectively recruits eosinophils by inducing their chemotaxis, and therefore, is implicated in allergic responses.
Why are CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 important?
CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 are important either individually or together in diseases that are mediated by eosinophils and are associated with atopy, since CCR3 is the dominant receptor mediating eosinophil recruitment.
Are there any chemokine receptors that express CCL11?
Chemokine receptors for which CCL11 is a ligand include CCR2, CCR3 and CCR5. However, it has been found that eotaxin-1 (CCL11) has high degree selectivity for its receptor, such that they are inactive on neutrophils and monocytes, which do not express CCR3.